Clinical Cases: Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency Cases

How to Diagnose Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)?
Antibody titer responses to pneumococcal vaccination in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Follow-up of a Patient with Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID)

Selective immunoglobulin M deficiency

Headache After Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (Job's syndrome) with acute coccidioidal meningoencephalitis
Recurrent Pneumonia due to CVID (IgG and IgM Deficiency)

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and panniculitis
Case studies from Essentials of Clinical Immunology, 5th edition

Immunology Cases

MMR Immunization and Egg Allergy

Further Reading

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD)
Phagocyte Deficiencies
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II (LAD II)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III (LAD III)
Hyper IgE Syndrome (HIES)
IPEX (immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X linked) syndrome
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis (CMCC)
Diagnosis of T-cell Immunodeficiency
DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS)
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)
Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T)
Complement Deficiencies
Mind maps: Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDD)
Mnemonics: Primary Immunodeficiency
Innate Immune System
Adaptive Humoral Immunity: B-cells and Immunoglobulins
Mast Cells and Basophils
Eosinophils
T Lymphocytes and Interferons
Immunology Resources: Audio and Video Lectures, PowerPoint Presentations, Q&A
Blog articles from AllergyNotes

Image source: Wikipedia.

Clinical Cases: Drug Allergy

Drug Allergy

Drug Hypersensitivity Cases

Drug-related Rash Caused by LevofloxacinAngioedema Due to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Penicillin desensitization in a patient with history of anaphylaxis to penicillin

Patient with Arthritis and Hypersensitivity to Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Anaphylactoid Reaction to Intravenous Contrast

Suspected progesterone allergy

Pruritus secondary to opioids without evidence of allergic reaction after a graded drug challenge with oxycodone
An "Allergic Rash" Which Turned Out to be Seborrheic Dermatitis
It's not a drug reaction but a fungal infection in an immunosuppressed patient (tinea corporis)

"Pseudoallergic reaction" to albuterol
Correct diagnosis is keratosis pilaris rather than an "allergic rash"
Blue Hives. NEJM Images in Clinical Medicine, 02/2008.
Delayed allergic reactions to omalizumab: Are patients reporting all cases? JACI, 03/2008.

Further Reading

Adverse Reactions to Drugs: Brief Review
Mind Maps: Drug Allergy
Mnemonics: Drug Allergy
Blog articles from AllergyNotes
Poison Pill: Allergic Reaction to Quinine. NYTimes, 04/2008.

Multiple choice questions

Chapter 57: Drug Allergy. Allergy and Immunology Review Corner: Chapter 57 of Pediatric Allergy: Principles & Practices, edited by Donald Y.M. Leung, et al.

Image source: Wikipedia, GNU Free Documentation License

Clinical Cases: Dermatitis

Dermatitis

Atopic Dermatitis Cases

Treatment of Exacerbation of Moderately Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic Dermatitis: Further Reading

Atopic Dermatitis: Brief Review
Mind maps of atopic dermatitis
Blog articles from AllergyNotes

Other Forms of Dermatitis

How to Diagnose Contact Dermatitis?

Irritant contact dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis to acne medication that contains benzoyl peroxide
Semen Allergy: Diagnosis and Treatment
Cutaneous mastocytosis in a 3-month-old girl
An "Allergic Rash" Which Turned Out to be Seborrheic Dermatitis
It's not a drug reaction but a fungal infection in an immunosuppressed patient (tinea corporis)
Correct diagnosis is keratosis pilaris rather than an "allergic rash"
How to Diagnose Latex Allergy
Tattoo Allergy. NEJM Images in Clinical Medicine.

The Many Faces of Eczema: Slideshow. Medscape.

Common Rashes Not to Miss: Slideshow. Medscape.

Image source: Wikipedia, public domain.

Clinical Cases: Angioedema

Angioedema

Angioedema Cases

Angioedema Due to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Abdominal angioedema secondary to acquired C1 esterase functional deficiency
Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) in a Teenager: Diagnosis and TreatmentTypical laboratory workup for chronic idiopathic urticaria and angioedema
Delayed allergic reactions to omalizumab: Are patients reporting all cases? JACI, 03/2008.
A 28-Year-Old Woman With Undiagnosed Hereditary Angioedema. Medscape, 2009.
"Traumatic" Angioedema in a Patient on ACEi. Life in the Fast Lane, 2009.

Further Reading

Angioedema: Brief Review
Mind Maps: Angioedema
Mnemonics: Angioedema
Blog articles from AllergyNotes

Clinical Cases: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis Cases

Anaphylactic Shock Due to Bee Sting
Anaphylactic reaction to subcutaneous immunotherapy: what to do?
Anaphylactoid Reaction to Intravenous Contrast
Large Skin Reaction to Insect Bites and Stings: Is it Dangerous and What to Do?
How to Diagnose Latex Allergy

Further Reading

Anaphylaxis: Brief Review
Mind Maps: Anaphylaxis
Mnemonics: Anaphylaxis
Blog articles from AllergyNotes

Image source: Bee, Wikipedia, GNU Free Documentation License.

Clinical Cases: Urticaria

Urticaria

Urticaria Cases

Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (Hives)

Chronic Urticaria Due to Thyroid Antibodies

Urticaria after sexual activity and dermatographism

Pressure-related urticaria and angioedema

Neutrophilic Urticaria

Typical laboratory workup for chronic idiopathic urticaria and angioedema

Suspected progesterone allergy
Autologous serum skin test in chronic idiopathic urticaria
Chronic Urticaria. Farid Farid, M.D. UCLA, Department of Medicine, 2002.
Blue Hives. NEJM Images in Clinical Medicine, 02/2008.
The Ice Cube Test: Cold-Induced Urticaria. NEJM Images in Clinical Medicine, 02/2008.

Further Reading

Urticaria: Brief Review
Mind Maps: Urticaria
Mnemonics: Urticaria
Cutaneous mastocytosis in a 3-month-old girl
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS)
Blog articles from AllergyNotes

Image source: Urticaria, Wikipedia, public domain.

Clinical Cases: Food Allergy

Food Allergy

Food Allergy Cases

Food Allergy in a Toddler
Egg Allergy and MMR Immunization
Intolerance to Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
When to Attempt a Food Challenge in Tree Nut Allergy?
Diagnostic Workup for Fennel Allergy

Allergic reaction after consumption of "meat-free chicken” (mycoprotein) by a patient with mold allergy

Reactions to multiple foods due to oral allergy syndrome rather than food allergy

Allergy to pomegranate (Punica granatum)

Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Right Lower Quadrant Pain due to Eosinophilc Eosophagitis

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (EGID)
Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Ronald S. Siegel, M.D. UCLA, Department of Medicine, 2007.
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis. Daniel Cole, M.D., M.P.H. UCLA, Department of Medicine, 2007.

Further Reading

Food Allergy: Brief Review
Food Allergen Avoidance
Food Challenges for Diagnosis of Food Allergy

Wheat Allergy
Mind Maps: Food Allergy
Mnemonics: Food Allergy
Blog articles from AllergyNotes

Video

News Video: Living with Food Allergies. AllergyNotes.

Image source: Wikipedia, GNU Free Documentation License.

Clinical Cases: Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic Rhinitis Cases

Allergic Rhinitis and Conjunctivitis
Cough Due to GERD in a Patient with Allergic Rhinitis
Treatment Devices for an Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Patient with Arthritis and Stroke
Non-Allergic Rhinitis with Significant Nasal Discharge: How to Treat?
A female with asthma and allergic rhinitis who is trying to become pregnant: what medication changes may be needed?
More than a "runny nose" - allergic rhinitis and asthma
Anaphylactic reaction to subcutaneous immunotherapy: what to do?
How to treat rhinitis medicamentosa?

Allergic reaction after consumption of "meat-free chicken” (mycoprotein) by a patient with mold allergy

Further Reading

Allergic Rhinitis: Brief Review
Mind Maps: Allergic Rhinitis
Mnemonics: Allergic Rhinitis

How to use a nose spray - videos
Blog articles from AllergyNotes
Sinusitis: Brief Review
Unilateral Rhinorrhea in Allergic Rhinitis Due to... Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak. NEJM, 10/2009.
Ocular Allergy: Allergic Conjunctivitis and Related Conditions, a Short Review
Mind Maps: Allergic Conjunctivitis
Mnemonics: Allergic Conjunctivitis
Cases of Allergic Conjunctivitis. Indiana University.

Image source: Wikipedia, a Creative Commons license.

Clinical Cases: Asthma Clinical Cases

Clinical Cases: Asthma Clinical Cases

Asthma Cases

Newly-diagnosed severe asthma
When to Use Xolair (Omalizumab) in Asthma?
A female with asthma and allergic rhinitis who is trying to become pregnant: what medication changes may be needed?Treatment Devices for an Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Patient with Arthritis and Stroke
A Boy with Moderate Asthma with Poor Response to Therapy. What to Do?
More than a "runny nose" - allergic rhinitis and asthma
Steroid inhaler induced laryngitis
Anaphylactic Reaction to Omalizumab (Xolair) in a Patient with Severe Asthma
Omalizumab can serve as a bridge to immunotherapy in severe asthma
Cyclosporine Use in Severe Steroid-dependent Asthma
Vocal cord dysfunction masquerading as "asthma" for 20 years
Asthma exacerbation with carbon dioxide retentionAlpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and panniculitis
More Than Asthma: Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis. NEJM Images in Clinical Medicine.How to Treat an Exacerbation of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)?
A breathless woman with asthma. BMJ Picture Quiz.

Further Reading

Natural History of Asthma
Pathogenesis of Asthma
Diagnosis of Asthma

Treatment of Asthma

Treatment of Pediatric Asthma

Diagnosis of chronic cough in children
Severe asthma in children - different diagnoses and management
Exercise-induced asthma and bronchospasm
Mind Maps: Asthma
Mnemonics: Asthma
Blog articles from AllergyNotes

Image source: Wikipedia, public domain.

What Is The Pathology Shown In This Image?

what is this condition called ?
explain the etiology ?


correct answer : slapped cheek disease (Fifth disease)

Fifth disease is due to infection with human erythrovirus (formerly parvovirus) type B19, and tends to occur in school-aged children, sometimes occurring in epidemics. As the alternative name indicates, the maculopapular rash associated with this disease often resembles slap marks on the cheeks